Researchers have announced a breakthrough in the quest to enable the artificial production of blood.
The British and German researchers say they have found out how to expel the nucleus from an erythroblast, the final stage in mammals to creating mature red blood cells.
The key is the chemokine CXCL12, which is found mainly in bone marrow, the researchers report. The team have now successfully shown in mice that the expulsion of the erythroblast nucleus depends on CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 鈥� along with other factors.
The researchers at the University of Konstanz, Germany, and at Queen Mary, University of London, have reported their findings in the journal Science Signaling.
Study co-leader Dr Julia Gutjahr said: 鈥淲e are currently investigating how to use CXCL12 to optimise the artificial production of human erythrocytes.鈥�
Professor Antal Rot, of Queen Mary, said: 鈥淚mportantly, apart from immediate practical application for the industrial production of red blood cells, our results brought a completely new understanding of cell biological mechanisms involved in erythroblast responses to chemokines. While all other cells migrate when stimulated by CXCL12, in erythroblasts this signalling molecule is transported into the interior of the cell, even into the nucleus. There, it accelerates their maturation and helps to expel the nucleus.
鈥淥ur research shows for the first time that chemokine receptors not only act on the cell surface but also inside the cell, thus opening entirely new perspectives on their role in cell biology.鈥�
Source:
Gutjahr JC, Hub E, Anderson CA, Samus M, Artinger K, Gomez EA, Ratswohl C, Wickli N, Raum M, Dufton N, Dalli J, Burden JJ, Duchene J, Rot A. (2025) 鈥淚ntracellular and nuclear CXCR4 signaling promotes terminal erythroblast differentiation and enucleation.鈥� Science Signaling, 17 June 2025, doi: 10.1126/scisignal.adt2678.
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